pearl oysters and their relatives

The present classification of Pterioidea is a synthesis of the taxonomic framework established in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Cox et al., 1969), its subsequent amendments (Waller, 1978, 1985; Carter, 1990; Johnston & Collom, 1998), and a number of family- and genus-level revisions (Accorsi Benini & Broglio Loriga, 1977; Palmer, 1984; Muster, 1995; Pacaud, 2001; Tëmkin, 2006).

It must be noted that the higher-level systematics of the superfamily is in a state of flux and no universally accepted system for Pterioidea has been proposed since the Publicaiton of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology.

The placement of Pterioidea pearl oysters in the the animal kingdom:

Phylum MOLLUSCA

Class BIVALVIA Linnaeus, 1758 (= LAMELLIBRANCHIA)

Subclass AUTOLAMELLIBRANCHIATA Grobben, 1894 (= PTERIOMORPHIA)

Order PTERIOIDA Newell, 1965

Suborder PTERIINA Newell, 1965

Superfamily PTERIOIDEA Gray, 1847 [1820]

Taxonomic composition of Pterioidea (click on taxon names to see subordinate—generic and subgeneric—names):

• PTERIIDAE J.E. Gray, 1847 [1820]
  
  • Electroma STOLICZKA, 1871
    
    • Pterelectroma IREDALE, 1939
  • Pinctada RÖDING, 1798
  • Pteria SCOPOLI, 1777
  • †Arcavicula COX, 1964
  • †Eopinctada TAMURA, 1961
  • †Pteroperna MORRIS & LYCETT, 1853
  • †Pterinella TOULA, 1882
  • †Rhaetavicula COX, 1961
  • †Somapteria TAMURA, 1960
  • †?Rhynchipterus GABB, 1864
  • †?Stefaninia VENZO, 1934
• ISOGNOMONIDAE Woodring, 1925 [1828]
  
  • Isognomon LIGHTFOOT, 1786
    
    • †Hippochaeta PHILIPPI, 1844
    • †Isogonum RÖDING, 1798
    • †Mytiloperna IHERING, 1903
    • †Rostroperna COX, 1961
  • Crenatula LAMARCK, 1803
  • †Gervilleioperna KRUMBECK, 1923
  • †Linsdallia COX & ARKELL, 1948
  • †Mulletia P. FISCHER, 1887
  • †Pachyperna OPPENHEIM, 1900
  • †Waagenoperna TOKUYAMA, 1959
  • ?†Leproconcha GIEBEL, 1856
• PULVINITIDAE Stephenson, 1941
  
  • Pulvinites BLAINVILLE, 1824
    
    • Hypotrema ORBIGNY, 1853
• MALLEIDAE Lamarck, 1818
  
  • Malleus LAMARCK, 1799
    
    • Malvufundus DE GREGORIO, 1885
  • Vulsella RÖDING, 1798
  • †Vulsellina RAINCOURT, 1876
  • †Stefaniniella TAVANI, 1939
  • †Bouleigmus BASSE, 1933
• †PTERINEIDAE Meek, 1864
  
  • †Pterinea GOLDFUSS, 1826
  • †Actinodesma SANDBERGER, 1850
    
    • †Ectenodesma HALL, 1883
  • †Actinopterinia ISBERG, 1934
  • †Antioconcha ÖPIK, 1930
  • †Caneyella GIRTY, 1909
  • †Dolichopteron MAURER, 1886
  • †Leptodesma HALL, 1883
    
    • †Leiopteria HALL, 1883
  • †LimopteriaHALL & WHITFIELD, 1869
  • †Merismopteria ETHERIDGE, 1892
  • †Newsomella FOERSTE, 1909
  • †Pteronitella BILLINGS, 1874
  • †Ptychopteria HALL, 1883
    
    • †Actinopteria HALL, 1884
  • ?†Alnifia TERMIER & TERMIER, 1950
  • ?†Anderkenia KHALFIN, 1958
  • ?†Barbosaia MENDES, 1952
  • ?†Cliopteria WILLIAMS, 1912
  • ?†Eurymya ULRICH, 1894
  • ?†Palaeopinna HALL, 1883
  • ?†Palaeopteria WHITEAVES, 1897
  • ?†Pteronitina KHALFIN, 1958
• †BAKEVELLIIDAE King, 1850
  
  • †Aguilerella CHAVAN, 1951
  • †Aguileria WHITE, 1887
  • †Alaperna FÜRSICH & WERNER, 1989
  • †Bakevellia KING, 1848
    
    • †Bakevelloides TOKUYAMA, 1959
  • †Costigervillia COX & ARKELL, 1948
  • †Gervillancea SKWARKO, 1967
  • †Gervillaria COX, 1954
  • †Gervillella WAAGEN, 1907
  • †Gervillia DEFRANCE, 1820
    
    • †Cultriopsis COSSMANN, 1904
  • †Hoernesia LAUBE, 1866
  • †Kobayashites HAYAMI, 1959
  • †Towapteria NAKAZAWA & NEWELL, 1968
  • †Virgellia FRENEIX, 1965
• †CASSIANELLIDAE Ichikawa, 1958
  
  • †Cassianella BEYRICH, 1862
  • †Burckhardtia FRECH, 1907
  • †Hoernesiella GUGENBERGER, 1934
  • †Lilangina DIENER, 1906
  • †Reubenia CIX, 1924
  • †Septihoernesia COX, 1964
• †LITHIOTIDAE Reis, 1903
  
  • †Lithiotis GÜMBEL, 1874
  • †Cochlearites REIS, 1903
• ?†DATTIDAE Healey, 1908
  
  • Datta HEALEY, 1908
• †POSIDONIIDAE Frech, 1909
  
  • Amonotis AUT, XXX
  • Aulacomyella AUT, XXX
  • Bositra AUT, XXX
  • Daonella AUT, XXX
  • Diotis AUT, XXX
  • Dipleurites AUT, XXX
  • Didymotis AUT, XXX
  • Enteropleura AUT, XXX
  • Halobia AUT, XXX
  • Posidonotis AUT, XXX
  • Pseudodidymotis AUT, XXX
  • Veldidenella AUT, XXX
• ?†KOCHIIDAE Maillieux, 1931
  
  • †Kochia FRECH, 1891