02127nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300001200244490000700256520145800263653002401721653001401745653001001759653001001769653001801779653000801797653001301805100001801818700002001836856004101856       2004                        eng d00aPolyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei : Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data0 aPolyphyly of the mailcheeked fishes Teleostei Scorpaeniformes ev  cAUG  a627-6460 v323 aMitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data for 105 acanthomorph taxa are analyzed to address questions of scorpaeniform monophyly and relationships. The combination of 3425 aligned base pairs from the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA (12S), large subunit rDNA (16S), and tRNA-Val and the nuclear large subunit rDNA (28S), histone H3, and TMO-4c4 loci are analyzed. Representatives of all scorpaeniform suborders and 32 of 36 scorpaeniform families are included with most suborders represented by multiple species. In addition to 69 scorpaeniform taxa, 36 outgroup taxa, including representatives of most families previously conjectured to be related to the Scorpaeniformes, are analyzed due to serious concerns of scorpaeniform monophyly. The traditionally recognized scorpaeniform fishes are recovered as polyphyletic, The 13 representatives of the Atheriniformes, Blennioidei, Gasterosteoidei, Grammatidae, Notothenioidei, Percidae, Trichodontidae, and Zoarcoidei included in the analysis are all nested within the least inclusive clade that includes all traditionally recognized scorpaeniforms. The scorpaenoid lineage is widely polyphyletic, and its intrarelationships differed significantly from previous hypotheses. The cottoid lineage is paraphyletic with only the presence of the Trichodontidae, as the sister-taxon of the Cottoidei, disrupting the traditional subordinal hypothesis of relationships. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10adirect optimization10aevolution10amtDNA10anuDNA10aphylogenetics10apoy10ataxonomy1 aSmith, W., L.1 aWheeler, W., C.  u<u><Go to ISI>://000222732000016</u>02479nas a2200265   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000800210300001200218490000700230520173500237653001401972653001501986653002402001653001502025653001002040653001702050653001802067653000802085653001602093100002102109700002002130700002202150856004102172       2002                        eng d00aSimultaneous analysis of the basal lineages of Hymenoptera (Insecta) using sensitivity analysis0 aSimultaneous analysis of the basal lineages of Hymenoptera Insec  cOCT  a455-4840 v183 aThe first simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data of basal hymenopterans that includes exemplars from all families is presented. DNA sequences (of approximately 2000-2700 by for each taxon) from the nuclear genes 18S and 285 and the mitochondrial genes 16S and CO1 have been sequenced for 39 taxa (four outgroup taxa, 29 symphytans, and six apocritans). These DNA sequences and 236 morphological characters from Vihelmsen [Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 131 (2001) 393] were analyzed separately as well as simultaneously. All analyses were performed on unaligned sequences, using the optimization alignment (= direct optimization) method. Sensitivity analysis sensu Wheeler [Syst. Biol. 44 (1995) 321] was applied by analyzing the data under nine different combinations of analysis parameter values. The superfamily level relationships of basal hymenopterans as proposed by Vilhelmsen [Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 131 (2001) 393] and Ronquist et al. [Zool. Scr. 28 (1999) 13] are mostly confirmed, except that Pamphilioidea is the sister group to Tenthredinoidea s.l. and that Anaxyelidae (i.e., Syntexis libocedrii) and Siricidae are supported as a monophyletic group, partly reestablishing the traditional concept of Siricoidea. The resulting hypothesis that best represents the combined evidence from morphology and DNA. sequences is (Xyeloidea (Tenthredinoidea s.l. Pamphilioidea) (Cephoidea (Siricoidea (Xiphydrioidea (Orussidae Apocrita))))), with Siricoidea = Anaxyelidae + Siricidae. The phylogenetic system within Tenthredinoidea s.l., derived from the combined evidence, is (Blasticotomidae (Tenthredinidae including Diprionidae (Cimbicidae (Argidae Pergidae)))). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.10aalignment10acongruence10adirect optimization10amorphology10amtDNA10aoptimization10aphylogenetics10apoy10asensitivity1 aSchulmeister, S.1 aWheeler, W., C.1 aCarpenter, J., M.  u<u><Go to ISI>://000179061500001</u>