02127nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260000800236300001200244490000700256520145800263653002401721653001401745653001001759653001001769653001801779653000801797653001301805100001801818700002001836856004101856       2004                        eng d00aPolyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei : Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data0 aPolyphyly of the mailcheeked fishes Teleostei Scorpaeniformes ev  cAUG  a627-6460 v323 aMitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data for 105 acanthomorph taxa are analyzed to address questions of scorpaeniform monophyly and relationships. The combination of 3425 aligned base pairs from the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA (12S), large subunit rDNA (16S), and tRNA-Val and the nuclear large subunit rDNA (28S), histone H3, and TMO-4c4 loci are analyzed. Representatives of all scorpaeniform suborders and 32 of 36 scorpaeniform families are included with most suborders represented by multiple species. In addition to 69 scorpaeniform taxa, 36 outgroup taxa, including representatives of most families previously conjectured to be related to the Scorpaeniformes, are analyzed due to serious concerns of scorpaeniform monophyly. The traditionally recognized scorpaeniform fishes are recovered as polyphyletic, The 13 representatives of the Atheriniformes, Blennioidei, Gasterosteoidei, Grammatidae, Notothenioidei, Percidae, Trichodontidae, and Zoarcoidei included in the analysis are all nested within the least inclusive clade that includes all traditionally recognized scorpaeniforms. The scorpaenoid lineage is widely polyphyletic, and its intrarelationships differed significantly from previous hypotheses. The cottoid lineage is paraphyletic with only the presence of the Trichodontidae, as the sister-taxon of the Cottoidei, disrupting the traditional subordinal hypothesis of relationships. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10adirect optimization10aevolution10amtDNA10anuDNA10aphylogenetics10apoy10ataxonomy1 aSmith, W., L.1 aWheeler, W., C.  u<u><Go to ISI>://000222732000016</u>